HIMEMIKO*WEB

NOTICE OF DISSOLUTION FOR THE EXPANSION OF THIS WEBSITE本サイトの発展的解消のお知らせ

Sat, 09 Feb 2008 19:28:19 +0900

I AM VERY PLEASED TO INFORM YOU OF THE REMOVAL OF THE CONTENT IN THIS WEBSITE TO WIKIPEDIA, GOOGLE AND OTHER WELL-KNOWN PROJECTS SO THAT MY IDEA I HAVE CREATED FOR YEARS CAN BE SEEN AND CORRECTED BY MORE AND MORE PEOPLE THAN IS KEPT WITHIN MY PERSONAL WEBSITE. THIS WEBSITE WILL BE CLOSED AFTER CERTAIN TERM OF SUSPENSION OF UPDATES. I WOULD LIKE TO THANK ALL OF YOU WHO HAVE LOVED, VISITED, SUPPORTED, COMMENTED TO AND MADE LINKS TO THIS WEBSITE FOR ALMOST TEN YEARS SINCE IT WAS SET UP IN NOVEMBER 1998. Yuki, the webmaster February 9, 2008.

本サイトのコンテンツをWikipediaやGoogleその他有名なプロジェクト上に移し、本サイトは、一定期間更新を停止したあと、閉鎖することとしました。私が長年創り上げてきたアイディアを、自分の個人サイトに置いておくよりも多くの人々に見てもらい、よりよいものとするためです。 1998年のサイト設立以来10年近くにわたり本サイトを愛してくださった方、遊びに来てくださった方、支援してくださった方、コメントを残してくださった方、リンクしてくださった方、すべてに感謝申し上げます。 2008年2月9日管理人 Yuki

Medical Treatment in This Period 　この時代の医療

Sun, 20 May 2007 21:05:31 +0900

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A part or whole of the text of this page is brought to English and/or Japanese versions of Wikipedia. This page will be deleted before long.
このページのテキストの一部又は全部はWikipedia英語版・日本語版に持ち込まれています。このページは近日中に削除されます。

Chinese medicine was the main current in Japan in this era. The basics of this period's medical science was brought from China in the 5th through 6th centuries, and Chinese medical doctors became the leading faction in the 7th century. Herbs, animal's organs or minerals (totally they are called "galenical") or their mixtures were used as medicine. They were put in an earthen teapot together with some water, decocted so that the water evaporates in half, and served to a patient. Recent excavation works show that a big herb garden was alongside the palace of Asuka. Herbs planted in the garden were often served to Imperial members or high ranking officers who got ill. In addition to herbs or other drugs, there were some kind of meditation schemes in this period. Acupuncture and moxibustion were often practiced as medical treatment since 4th or 5th century. They enable to remove pain or restore health and well-being, changing blood flow induced by inserting acupuncture needles or burning moxa (mugwort herb) on patient's acupuncture points. Massage was also widely practiced as therapy. Chinese Tui Na massage was brought from China together with Buddhism. It focuses more on pushing, stretching and kneading the muscle. Shiatsu is a form of Japanese own massage scheme that uses thumb pressure in the body.

当時の日本の医療の主流は中国医学である。当時の医学の基礎は5～6世紀頃に中国からもたらされ、7世紀には漢方医が主流派となった。植物、動物、鉱物（生薬）やそれらを調合したものが医薬として用いられた。これらの薬は土瓶に水と一緒に入れ、水が半分ぐらいになるまで煎じて患者に供された。近年の発掘調査により、飛鳥京のわきに大きな薬草園があったことが明らかにされている。ここに植えられた薬草は病を得た皇族や高官に供された。服用する薬以外にもいろいろな形での医療があった。鍼灸は4～5世紀頃からしばしば医療として用いられ、鍼や灸で患者のツボを刺激し血流を変化させることにより痛みを除いたり健康を回復したりさせるものである。マッサージもまた広く用いられた。中国の推拿（按摩）マッサージが仏教とともに入ってきた。これは筋肉を按（押す）摩（撫でる）する方法である。指圧は日本独自に開発された治療法で、押すことを主体とした治療法である。

Tono Zuka & Hime Zuka, Chiba千葉・殿塚及姫塚

Sun, 20 May 2007 19:37:24 +0900

Hokoji Temple, located at Misakimachi Iwakuma, Isumi, Chiba, has two tombs named "Tono Zuka (Man's Tomb)" and "Hime Zuka (Women's Tomb)" near its site of a cathedral. A folklore says that Takechi no Miko was buried in Tono Zuka, and Towochi no Himemiko in Hime Zuka. People say that the two fell in love with each other.

千葉県いすみ市岬町岩熊にある法興寺の伽藍跡の近くに「殿塚」と「姫塚」という古墳がある。「殿塚」には高市皇子、「姫塚」には十市皇女が眠っていると民話は伝える。

Tsutsumori Shrine, Chiba千葉・筒森神社

Sun, 20 May 2007 19:21:37 +0900

A folklore in the Chiba area says that Ohtomo no Miko did not die in the battle of Jinshin and he escaped from the Palace to the East with his wife, Towochi no Himemiko. According to the folklore, Towochi no Himemiko was pregnant and got sick when she arrived to the place named Tsutsumori, and died there because of the illness. People of that place felt sympathy for her and built this shrine commemorating her.

This shrine is propitious for an easy delivery.

大友皇子は壬申の乱で死なず、十市皇女とともに都から東国へ逃れたという伝承がある。十市皇女は筒森という地で妊娠中に病を得、そこで亡くなったとされている。里人はこれを悲しみ、皇女のためにこの神社を建てたという。

この神社は安産のご利益があるという。

The Fujishiro Acclivity, Wakayama和歌山・藤白坂

Sun, 11 Mar 2007 22:06:45 +0900

The Fujishiro Acclivity, or Fujishirozaka, is the place where Arima no Miko was executed on the 11th month, 11th day of 658, accused of treasonous activities. He was a son of Emperor Kotoku, who was a rival of Naka no Oh'ye no Miko. Naka no Oh'ye no Miko was anxious about the possibility of Arima no Miko's succession of the Imperial Dignity. Naka no Oh'ye no Miko made one of his subject, Soga no Akaye, to make Arima no Miko a proposition of rebellion. Arima no Miko was tempted, and he was caught and sent to Naka no Oh'ye no Miko. When he was questioned why he had plotted treason, he answered, "Heaven and Akaye know. I don't at all understand." After all, he was taken to the Fujishiro Acclivity and hanged himself to death. He was 18 years old when he was executed.

藤白坂は、斉明天皇4年11月11日に有間皇子が謀反の罪で処刑された場所である。彼は孝徳天皇の皇子で、中大兄皇子のライバルであった。中大兄皇子は有間皇子が皇位を告ぐ可能性をおそれ、彼の部下である蘇我赤兄をして有間皇子に謀反をけしかけさせた。有間皇子はこれに応じ、逮捕され中大兄皇子のもとへ送られた。中大兄皇子に糾問された折、「天と赤兄と知らむ。吾もはら知らず。」と答えた。そして、藤白坂にて絞首された。18歳であった。

698 through 700 　文武天皇2年～文武天皇4年

Mon, 26 Feb 2007 20:50:28 +0900

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Year 年	Month / Date 月 / 日	Events 出来事
698 文武天皇2年	1 / 1	The Emperor receives the respects of the Ministers and public functinaries at the Front Hall. 天皇、大極殿に出て朝賀を受ける。
	2 / 5	The Emperor proceeds to the district of Uchi. 宇智郡に御幸。
	3 / 7	The plague is reported in the province of Echigo. Medical cares are given to the people of this province. 越後国で疫病が発生したとの報告。薬を支給し救援。
	4 / 3	The plague arises in the provinces of Oumi and Kii Medical cares are given. 近江、紀伊にて疫病発生。薬を支給し救援。
	4 / 29	A horse is presented to the deity of the mountain of Mizumari in Yoshino for praying for rain. 馬を吉野の水分の峯の神に奉じ雨乞い。
	5 / 1	There is great drought in the provinces. Offerings are made to the shrines. 諸国に旱魃。これにより幣帛を諸社に奉る。
	6 / 29	Tanaka Ason Tarimaro dies. Honorary rank of Jiki-kwo-ichi is confered to him for his great service for the Jinshin campaign. 田中朝臣足麿死去。壬申の乱の際の功績により直広壱を追贈。
	7 / 1	An eclipse in the Sun. 日蝕。
	8 / 19	The Emperor issues a decree that the use of the surname of Fujiwara should be limited to Fujiwara no Fuhito and his descendants because it was confered on his father, Fujiwara no Kamatari. The decree also says that any other relatives including Fujiwara no Womimaro are to use their former surname "Nakatomi," which is given to the family that is supposed to manage Shinto rituals. 藤原の姓を不比等に限り受け、意美麻呂等は神事に携わるので、旧姓に戻るよう詔。
	8 / 26	Edicts are issued to prescribe the behavior on occupying the higher places at a Court assembly. 朝儀の礼を定める。
	9 / 7	There is a storm at the province of Shimofusa. Houses of the farmers in the area are damaged. 下総国に大風。農民の庵などが損壊。
	9 / 10	Taki no Himemiko is sent to the Abstinence Palace of Ise as the Saio. 多紀皇女を斎王として伊勢斎宮へ遣わす。
	10 / 4	An edict is issued to priests saying that they are allowed to dwell in Yakushiji Temple as its construction is almost complete. 薬師寺の造営がほぼ完了したので、僧に詔し、その寺に住まわせる。
	11 / 1	There is an eclipse in the Sun. 日蝕。
	11 / 7	Envoys are sent to the provinces for great purification. 使いを諸国に遣わして大祓。
	11 / 23	The festival of first-fruits is held. 大嘗祭。
699 文武天皇3年	1 / 26	It is reported that Mukume, a Silla woman, gives birth to two boys and two girls at the same time. 新羅の女である牟久賣が一度に二男二女を産んだとの報告。
	5 / 24	En no Ozunu is accused of confusing the mind of the people with his magic, and is banished to Izu. 妖術で人心を惑わせたとして役小角を伊豆に配流。
	6 / 23	Prince Hyuga dies. 日向王薨去。
	6 / 27	Prince Kasuga dies. 春日王薨去。
	7 / 21	Yuge no Miko dies. 弓削皇子薨去。
	8 / 8	Products from southern islands are offered to Ise Jingu and other shrines. 南の島の献上物を伊勢神宮及び諸社に奉る。
	8 / 11	Presents are made to the public functionaries. 官人に禄を賜う。
	9 / 25	Nittabe no Himemiko dies. 新田部皇女薨去。
	10 / 13	Criminals other than those guilty of the ten crimes, thieves and robbers are pardoned. 十悪と強盗・窃盗を除く罪人を赦免。
	11 / 1	An eclipse in the Sun. 日蝕。
	12 / 3	Oh'ye no Himemiko dies. 大江皇女薨去。
	12 / 20	Nakatomi no Womimaro is appointed the first Governor of the mint for cash. 始めて鋳銭司を置く。中臣意美麻呂を司とする。
700 文武天皇4年	1 / 7	The rank of Jo-kwo-ni is confered to Nittabe no Miko. 新田部皇子に浄広弐を授ける。
	1 / 13	A staft and a carriage are given to Tajihi no Mabito Shima. 多治比真人島に杖及び輿を賜う。
	3 / 10	Priest Dosho dies. 僧道照死去。
	4 / 4	Asuka no Himemiko dies. 明日香皇女薨去。
	8 / 22	There is a pardon on criminals other than those guilty of the ten crimes, thieves and robbers. Gifts are made to elderly people. 十悪・盗人以外の罪人を赦免。高齢の者に品を賜う。
	11 / 28	Kamo no Kimi Nukame of the district of Katsuragi-no-Kami gives birth to two boys and a girl at one time. 葛上郡の鴨君糠賣が一度に二男一女を生む。
	12 / 26	The plague spreads within the province of Yamato. Medical care is made to rescue the province. 大和国に疫病。医薬を賜り救援。

697 　持統天皇11年／文武天皇元年

Sun, 25 Feb 2007 15:13:43 +0900

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Puyo 　扶余（부여）

Sat, 24 Feb 2007 19:22:23 +0900

Puyo, or Buyeo, is a Korean city located at the southwest of Chungcheongnamdo Province, the center of the Korean peninsula, and has the same latitude as Halbin or Windam and the same longitude as Tokyo or Teheran. Song Wang, the 26th king of Paekche, removed its capital from Gongju to Sabi (the former name of Puyo) in 538. Since then, Puyo was a capital of Paekche until it was invaded and destroyed in 660.

扶余（부여）は、朝鮮半島の中心、韓国の忠清南道の西南部に位置する都市であり、ハルビン、フォンダムと同じ経度、東京やテヘランと同じぐらいの緯度である。百済の26代目の王である聖王が538年に熊津から泗沘（扶余の旧名）に遷都して以来、660年に侵略を受けて滅亡するまで百済の首都であった。

The Buyeo National Museum has over 11,000 valuable remains, including various figured bricks, antefixes, earthnware, metal ornaments, funeral urns, stone constructions and stone Buddhas. They range from prehistory to the end of Choson dynasty. More than that, the Gungnamji Pond, the origin of Japanese gardens, Nakwhaam, from which a number of court ladies and other women plunged into the Baengma River to keep their loyalty in the face of the invading troops, the Samchungsa Shrine, built to cherish the memory of the three loyal subjects who showed their allegiance until the end of the kingdom, Neungsan-ri Royal Tombs, where the kings are buried, and other cultural remains are settles in this area.

国立扶余博物館には、先史時代から大韓帝国末期までの各種の文様土器、瓦、金属装身具、甕棺、石仏など11000点を超える貴重な文化財が所蔵されている。また周辺には、日本庭園の起源ともいえる宮南池、百済滅亡時に多数の女官が身を投げた落花岩、百済末期に国王に忠誠を尽くした3人の忠臣をまつった三忠祠、百済王の陵墓群である陵三里古墳群などの史跡が残っている。

Heijokyuseki, Nara奈良・平城宮跡

Fri, 16 Feb 2007 16:20:55 +0900

Heijokyuseki is the site of the Palace of Heijo with 1.3km long east to west, and 1km north to south. It was built by the Empress of Gemmei as the palace in 710 and used until 794, located in the north of the capital spreading 4.3km (2 ³/₄ miles) east to west and 4.8km (3 miles) north to south.

平城宮跡は東西1.3km、南北1kmにおよぶ宮殿の遺跡であり、東西4.3km、南北4.8kmにわたる京の北部に宮として710年に元明天皇によって造営され、794年まで使用されたものである。

Hata, Mie三重・波多

Sat, 22 Apr 2006 15:44:53 +0900

Hata is the place where Towochi no Himemiko took a break on her way to Ise in the 2nd month of 675. One of her servants, Mistress Fufuki, sang a poem in favor of her:

On seeing the crags on the long mountain flanks of Hata when Princess Towochi made a pilgrimage to Ise Shrine.

The thrusting, clustered
Boulders on the riverbank
Bear no trace of grace:
Forever young, I too would be
A maiden till the end of time.

This poem was collected in the Man-yo-shu poetry.

波多は、十市皇女が675年に伊勢神宮に赴いた際、采女の1人である吹芡刀自が彼女のために歌を詠んだ場所である。

十市皇女、伊勢神宮に参りし時、吹芡の刀自の作る歌

河上のゆつ岩群に草生さず
常にもがもな常処女にて

この歌は万葉集に収められた。

Japanese-English Glossary 古代史用語日英対照表

Sat, 25 Mar 2006 11:09:22 +0900

あ

日本語	English
雨乞いの儀式	a prayer for rain
役(えき)	forced labor
謁見する	Aに謁見する　 have an audience of A
恩赦	an amnesty

か

日本語	English
開眼会	a festival for the opening of the eyes of a Buddhist image
願	a vow 発願(誓願)する　 put up a vow
経	a sutra; a Buddhist scripture
位	a rank
国	a province 大和国　 the province of Yamato
皇位	the Imperial Dignity; the Dignity
皇后	the Empress-consort (天皇の第一の妻)
皇太后	the Empress Dowager (女性の上皇もこのように呼ぶ)
皇太子	the Prince Imperial; the Crown Prince; the Heir Apparent

さ

日本語	English
斎宮	the Abstinence-palace
防人	the Barrier Warden
授ける	A(位など)をB(人)に授ける　 confer A on B
誄(しのびごと)	an eulogy 誄を奏上する　 pronounce an eulogy
出家する	enter religion
譲位	abdication A(人)に譲位する　 abdicate the Imperial Dignity in favor of A
神社	a shrine
僧	a priest 尼僧 a nun; a priestess
即位する	assume the Imperial Dignity

た

日本語	English
大極殿	the Front Hall
内裏	the inner precinct
賜う	A(物など)をB(人)に賜う　 grant B A
鋳銭司	Governor of the mint for cash
調	commuted taxes
寺	a temple
天神地祇	the Gods of Heaven and Earth
天皇	the Emperor (女性の天皇の場合 the Empress)
東宮大傅	Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent

な

日本語	English
入滅する	enter into parinirvana

は

日本語	English
仏舎利(舎利子)	relics
平定する	supress
法会	a feast of vegetable food
奉幣する	distribute offerings

ま

日本語	English
詔	a decree; an edict 詔する address a decree
むほん	rebellion (謀叛(むへん)。国家反逆行為) treason (謀反(ぼうはん)。天皇殺害の企図)
殯(もがり)	mourning 殯宮 a Palace of temporary interment; a temporary burial Palace

ら

日本語	English
陵墓	a misasagi
漏刻台	a clepsydra

地域区分

日本語	English
国	a province
郡	a district
諸国	the provinces
畿内	the Home provinces

Japanese sake for Japanese's sake日本人のための日本酒

Thu, 02 Mar 2006 23:25:36 +0900

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Japanese sake has played an important role in Japanese culture for a long time. In the ancient days, getting drunk was considered as communicating to the gods in this country, and it was one of very important rituals. Sakeis brewed from rice. Because of that, the history of Japanese sake is as old as that of planting of rice in Japan. Sake has been drunk since the end of the Jomon Era or the beginning of the Yayoi Era when the first seeds of rice was brought to Japan.

日本酒は、日本文化にとって重要な役割を長く演じてきた。古代、酒に酔うということは神と一体となることと考えられており、非常に重要な儀式の一つであった。酒は米から作られるので、日本酒の歴史は米の歴史そのものである。日本酒は、稲作の始まった縄文時代後期から弥生時代初期から飲まれ続けている。

Eating Habits in This Period この時代の食生活

Tue, 21 Feb 2006 19:31:56 +0900

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Japanese people ate rice, grain and fruits reaped in the land of Japan, as well as fish and shellfish produced in Japanese waters. Plus, a wide variety of foods and eating habits were imported from China and Korea from this period. Eggplants, cucumbers, ume (Japanese apricots), green peas, burdocks, the arum root and tea were brought to Japan. Noblemen began to drink milk. Vegetables fried with oil, and meat or seaweeds sauteed or browned with oil were in their dishes. Rice was steamed before eating. Steamed rice, or kowaii, was a main dish of people of the high class. Boiled rice, or himeii, was softer than kowaii and offered to women, people of old age, and little children. Congee was made for persons of illness. Travelers and soldiers carried dried steamed rice, and before eating outside water was poured on it to make it soft enough to eat.

日本人は日本近海で獲れた魚介類や、日本の土地で収穫された米や穀物、果物などを食していたが、このころから中国や朝鮮半島から多彩な食材や食習慣が輸入されるようになった。ナス、キュウリ、梅、エンドウ、ゴボウ、コンニャク、茶などがこの頃に日本に入ってきた。貴族は、牛乳を飲み始めた。野菜を油で揚げたり、肉や海草を油で炒めたりしたものが彼らのメニューに加わった。米は、蒸して食べるようになった。蒸した米は強飯（こわいい）とよばれ、貴族の日常的な食事となった。このほかに、女性や老人、幼児が食べる固粥（炊いた飯。姫飯ともいう）や、病人が食べる普通の粥（水粥）などもあった。旅行者や戦に出る兵士などは、蒸し米を乾燥して携帯し、外でそれを水で柔らかくして食べたりした。

Saio, a princess serving the Goddess神に仕える皇女・斎王

Tue, 21 Feb 2006 19:31:04 +0900

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The Saio, or itsukinomiko, is a single female priestess who conducted ceremonies at the Shrine of Ise Jingu where Emperor's ancestor, Amaterasu-ohmikami, was enshrined. The Saio was supposed to dwell near the Goddess to serve her. The first Saio was Toyosuki Irihime no Mikoto, a daughter of Sujin Tenno, who began to enshrine the Goddess at a sanctuary near the palace. She did the Saio's duty at the sanctuary. After Yamatohime no Mikoto, a daughter of Suinin Tenno, removed the sanctuary to Ise and built Ise Jingu Shrine, an Abstinence-palace (or Saiku) was erected within the forest on the bank of the Isuzu River near the shrine, and it was used for the Saio's residence. The Saio's duty was handed over to princesses several times, but several decades later nobody wanted to do it. The Saio system was suspended for a long time. The Emperor, Temmu Tenno, restarted the system. Because he prayed the Goddess for winning a victory prior to the Jinshin campaign and his wish was successfully achieved, he needed to hold thank-you ceremonies to the Goddess. He appointed Ohku no Himemiko, one of his daughters, the first Saio and sent her to the shrine of Ise Jingu. Since then, the Saio System lasted more than 600 years as one of Japan's important religious policies.

斎王（さいおう；いつきのみこ）……天皇の代わりに、天皇の祖先である天照大神のいる伊勢に遣わされ、そこで神とともに生活をし、神に奉仕する役割の女性がいた。もともとは崇神天皇の娘・豊鍬入姫命が天照大神を祀り始めたのがはじまりだが、垂仁天皇の娘・倭姫命が天照大神を伊勢に鎮座させた後は、伊勢神宮のそばの五十鈴川のほとりの森に宮（斎宮）を建て、そこに忌みこもるようになった。それ以来、斎王は何代か交代したあと長く途絶えてしまった。天武天皇がこの制度を再開させた。壬申の乱に先立って天照大神に戦勝祈願しそれが叶えられたので、神に感謝する儀式を行う必要があったからである。天皇は、その娘・大伯皇女を最初の斎王として伊勢に遣わされた。それ以来、斎王は国の制度としてその後600年以上にわたり定着していくようになったのである。

The site of the Palace of Fujiwara, Nara奈良・藤原宮跡

Tue, 21 Feb 2006 19:25:33 +0900

The Palace of Fujiwara was set up by the Empress Jito (Uno no Sarara no Himemiko). Recent research reveals that the capital had the area of more than 25 square kilometers (6200 acres), spreading about 5.3km (3 ¹/₄ miles) east to west and more than 4.8km (3 miles) north to south, and it was wider than the capitals of Heijo (24 sq. km / 5900 acres) and Heian (23 sq. km / 5700 acres).

藤原京は持統天皇により造営された。最近の研究では、都市の範囲が東西約5.3km、南北は4.8km以上あることが確認され、面積25km²以上であることが判明した。これは、平城京(24km²）や平安京（23km²）を上回る規模である。

HIMEMIKO*WEB

NOTICE OF DISSOLUTION FOR THE EXPANSION OF THIS WEBSITE本サイトの発展的解消のお知らせ

Medical Treatment in This Period この時代の医療

Tono Zuka & Hime Zuka, Chiba千葉・殿塚及姫塚

Tsutsumori Shrine, Chiba千葉・筒森神社

The Fujishiro Acclivity, Wakayama和歌山・藤白坂

698 through 700 文武天皇2年～文武天皇4年

697 持統天皇11年／文武天皇元年

Puyo 扶余（부여）

Heijokyuseki, Nara奈良・平城宮跡

Hata, Mie三重・波多

Japanese-English Glossary 古代史用語日英対照表

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地域区分

Japanese sake for Japanese's sake日本人のための日本酒

Eating Habits in This Period この時代の食生活

Saio, a princess serving the Goddess神に仕える皇女・斎王

The site of the Palace of Fujiwara, Nara奈良・藤原宮跡

Medical Treatment in This Period 　この時代の医療

698 through 700 　文武天皇2年～文武天皇4年

697 　持統天皇11年／文武天皇元年

Puyo 　扶余（부여）